InP

Substrates

Manufacturers

• Sumitomo Electric

Epitaxial Wafers

Selective Area Growth (SAG) butt joint growth : a PhD thesis 2019 TU Eindhoven Univ. Tech.

Major Established Manufacturers

1. Broadcom (USA)
2. Lumentum (USA)
   • Acquired NeoPhotonics and Oclaro, strengthening InP laser capabilities.
   • Produces high-performance lasers for telecom and datacom.
3. Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated, USA)
   • Merged with Finisar, expanding InP laser expertise.
   • Offers components for optical communications and sensing.
4. Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)
   • Known for high-power and telecom-grade InP laser diodes.
   • Supplies components for optical networks.
5. Fujitsu Optical Components (Japan)
   • Specializes in InP-based lasers for coherent optical systems.
6. Sumitomo Electric Industries (Japan)
   • Produces InP laser diodes for industrial and telecom applications.
7. MACOM Technology Solutions (USA)
   • Develops InP lasers for 5G, datacom, and LiDAR.
8. EMCORE Corporation (USA) sold to HieFo
   • Focuses on InP-based components for fiber optics and sensing.
9. Soitec (France)
10. InnoLume (Germany)

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Startups and Emerging Players

Cignal AI : Optical Component Startup Tracker

1. Celestial AI ( InP , with Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan as advisor)
2. Inphot ( Cananda, Monolithically integrated electronics and photonics for the highest performance in demanding applications)
3. Innolume (Germany, mostly ex Russia scientists)
   • Specializes in high-power, wavelength-stabilized InP lasers.
   • Targets medical and industrial applications.
4. Quintessent (USA)
   • Develops InP-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for co-packaged optics.
5. https://effectphotonics.com/technology/ultra-pure-light-sources/EFFECT Photonics (Netherlands)
   • Focuses on integrated InP PICs for telecom and quantum tech.
6. Sicoya (Germany, a Silicon Photonics company in Berlin)
   • Works on silicon photonics with InP laser integration.
7. OpenLight (InP modulators, USA)

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Chinese Companies

1. Hisense (China)
   • Produces InP lasers for optical modules in data centers.
   • Expanding in-house chip manufacturing.
2. Innolight (China)
   • Designs and packages InP lasers for high-speed transceivers.
   • May partner with foundries for fabrication.
3. Huawei (HiSilicon)
   • Develops InP laser designs but likely outsources fabrication to foundries.

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Foundries and Contract Manufacturers

1. Tower Semiconductor (USA/Israel, now part of Intel)
   • Offers InP photonics foundry services.
2. GlobalFoundries (USA)
   • Provides InP manufacturing for photonic integrated circuits.
3. TSMC (Taiwan)
   • Supports InP-based processes for advanced photonics.
4. AIM Photonics (USA)
   • R&D consortium offering InP fabrication access for academia/industry.

• IQE

• Sumitomo Electric
• Landmark (TaiWan)

Device Design & Fabrication

• Semiconductor lasers and fiber optics
• DFB Laser (Wikipedia)
• DFB laser structure
• Major fabrication processes for InP lasers (by DeepSeek)

• No- regrowth EML : Selective Area Growth or Quantum Well Intermixing, identical activity EML Korea 2024

• New laser lays groundwork for next generation ethernet technology (EML 200 Gbps, Lumentum Japan 2023)
• 200 Gb/s Uncooled EML with Single MQW Layer Stack Design (Fraunhofer HHI 2022)
• 50 GB EML (with some fabrication process details, Institute of Semiconductors, China, 2022)
• InP-Components for 100 GBaud Optical Data Center Communication (2021, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute )
• Integrated transmitter devices on InP exploiting electro-absorption modulation (2020)
• 100GBaud+ Silicon Photonics Solutions Drive Optical Network Evolution (2020)
• Wide-temperature-range 100-Gbaud Operation of a Lumped- electrode-type EA-DFB for an 800-Gb/s (Lumentum Japan, 2020)
• EML design and improvements from Mitsubishi 2022
• DFB laser fabrication (NTT 2010)
• How to Create a Laser Model for a Photonic Process Design Kit (PDK, Ansys)

• Advances in High–Speed, High–Power Photodiodes (2024)

Manufacturers

• Coherent (US)

• Lumentum (US)
• Broadcom
• MACOM (making InP laser in 4-inch GaAs line)
• Fraunhofer HHI Berlin InP foundry (Germany)
• Sivers (Foundry, Sweden, Sivers Photonics : Glasgow UK)
• GCS : GaAs & InP foundry (Taiwan)
• InPho (Canada)
• Albis (InGaAs/InP and GaAs photodiodes , Switzerland)
• Thorlabs (US)
• Almae (France)

• Chilas BV Hybrid-integration external cavity laser (ECL, The Netherland)
• LioniX International (The Netherlands) offers ultra-low loss Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and custom-made modules based on silicon nitride.

Equipment

InP wafer scriber

• Tecdia (diamond tips)
• Samco plasma dicing
• Disco

Packaging

• Chilas B.V.
• EU TwiLight Project
• InP & Silicon Photonics : heterogeneous integration or hybrid integration  ? (2018)

Manufacturers

• GCS : GaAs & InP foundry

• Fraunhofer HHI Berlin InP foundry

Testing

• Quantifi Photonics (Formerly known as Coherent Solutions, HQs New Zealand; N. America, Thailand )
• InP HBT for testing equipment

Modules and Applications

• AI datacenter design
• Optical tranceiver modules
• Optical links for AI

• Major Optical transceiver produces :

InP info post

• InP AND III-V COMPOUNDS (Roadmap 2020, good description for equipment and processes ). Article in pdf
• Photonic integrated circuit (wikipedia)
• Electro-absorption modulator (Wikipedia)

• 1.3-µm identical active electro-absorption modulated laser with quantum well intermixed passive waveguide (2024)
• Coherent Achieves World’s First 6-inch InP Wafer (2024)
• Coherent expands capacity in US and Europe (2024)
• Indium phosphide industry moving into consumer applications (Yole 2022)
• Design of a 200Gbps externally modulated laser for opto-electronic integration (simulation, Master Thesis, Sweden, 2022)
• AlGaInAs/InP EML with Sidewall Grating Distributed Feedback Laser and Quantum Well Intermixing Technology (2022)
• 1.3 µm InGaAlAs/InP laser integrated with laterally tapered SSC in a reverse mesa shape (2021)
• Optimal Design of High-Speed Electro-Absorption Modulated Laser Based on Double Stack Active Layer Structure (2021)
• Integrated transmitter devices on InP exploiting electro-absorption modulation (2020)
• High Power and High Efficiency Operation of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Assisted Extended Reach Electroabsorption Modulated DFB Laser (AXEL) for Extension of Transmission Distance (NTT, 2019)
• Fraunhofer Berlin InP foundry talk video (2018)
• Integration of Photonics and Electronics at Eidenhoven Univ. (video 2018)
• Manufacturing InP lasers and GaAs devices in the same 4-inch production line (Macom 2018) Article in pdf

• Fabrication of InP-based monolithically integrated laser transmitters (2018)
• Fabrication of InP-based monolithically integrated laser transmitters (A review article, 2018)
• EML Array fabricated by SAG technique monolithically integrated with a buried ridge AWG multiplexer (2017)
• Reflecting on PIC manufacturing solutions (2017)
• Method for fabricating an elctro-absorption modulated laser and electro-absorption modulated laser (2017)
• EMCORE Expanding Production of Breakthrough Linear Externally Modulated Laser (L-EML™)-Based Transmitters (2016)
• Fabrication of an electro-absorption modulated distributed feedback laser by quantum well intermixing with etching ion-implantation buffer layer (2015)
• Ten-channel InP-based large-scale photonic integrated transmitter fabricated by SAG technology (2015)
• 1.55 µm high speed low chirp electroabsorption modulated laser arrays based on SAG scheme (2014)
• Manufacturing Progress for InP-based 500 Gb/s Photonic Integrated Circuits (2013)
• Wide Temperature Operation of 40 Gbps 1550 nm Electroabsorption Modulated Lasers (2005)
• InP laser diode device production: DFB Grating Etch for maximum performance (Oxford White Paper)

• Coherent InP EML laser